LANGUAGE VARIATION

There are some varieties in language. Language variation is caused by the existence of social interaction activities conducted by a very diverse society or group and because of its non homogeneous speakers.

1.        Individual language variations

            Everyone has their own idiolek. Idiolects are about "color" sound, word choice, language style, sentence structure, etc. The most dominant is the color of the sound, we can recognize the voice of someone we know just by hearing his voice

2.       Language’ using Variation

            Language variations with respect to its users, the wearer or its function is called the function, the variety or the register. This variation is usually discussed in terms of areas of use, style, or degree of form and means of use. Language variation based on this field of use is related to the language it is used for what purpose or field. For example, the fields of literature, journalism, agriculture, military, sailing, education, etc.

3.       Frozen varieties

            It is the most formal language variation, used in solemn and formal ceremonies. For example, in sermons, laws, notarial deeds, oaths, etc.

4.       The official varieties

            It  is the variation of the language used in the state speeches, official meetings, lectures, textbooks, etc.

5.       The frienship varieties

            It  is a variation of the language commonly used by the speakers whose hubngannya are familiar, such as between family members, or close friends. This variety uses incomplete language with vague articulations.

SPEECH COMMUNITY

Speech community is a group of people  who use a same linguistic or language then express it into the same expectations of something or an ideology . that people  speak the same language and share the same dialect, words , and grammar rules of a language as a standard.  Actually, it refers to a group or community which all members live together in an area or they have any certain perspectives or interest about something. The speech community can share a certain set of vocabulary or grammatical rules and also the norms to how and when to speak in a certain way. Those groups can be a country, village, politics. Then, it also can be based on hobbies, age, culture, lifestyle, or just a group of friends. Speech  act changes in some way the conditions that exists in the world.

 Example: in Banci communities, they use particular vocabulary such as “akika”. It means “aku” and “begindang” is “begitu”. When they making transaction, “berapose” that means “berapa” or to say “benar” by saying “ember”

In Speech communities, there are:

a.       Intersecting communities: language that used from communities such as like we know people is baliness, batakness, sundaness by looking their word, accent, intonation and also dialect.

b.      Network and repertoire:  it is show that a person can be part of various speech communities by an interaction in network and repertoires is various language variotion that have got from network.

Factors of social communities:

People are separ­ated from one another by fine gradations of social class, regional origin, and occupation; by factors such as religion, sex, nationality, and ethnicity; by psy­chological differences such as particular kinds of linguistic skills, e.g., verbality or literacy; and by characteristics of personality.

Questions:

1.      Is slang include of speech communities?

Answer: Yes, it is. Because slang is created from communities and it expand to be an informal language for some country that they often use slang in their communities.

2.      Is it possible one speech communities used by the other communities?

Answer: yes, it is possible. But it can be a good or bad word, if the user use it correctly and know that meaning.

3.      Why speech communities exist?

Answer: to make the people in community are enjoyable to interact each other and to  improve their language abilities that used in social activities.