Under the subjects of semantics, we shall deal with the concepts of :
• Antonym
• Synonym
• Hyponym
Which are lexical components that can be compared
based on the semantic relation.
1. 1. Antonym
Is the state or
phrnomenon in which the words has the sense relation which involve the opposite
of meaning.
Antonym can be
divided into 3 types :
§ Graded antonym
Refers to the words related o the object they modify. The
words themselves do not provide an absolute scale.
Examples : Big >< Small
Good >< Bad
Fast >< Slow
Young >< Old
Ex : 1. A fly is bigger than another (big is
understood in the context flies)
2. A small elephant is bigger than a big mouse
§ Complementarity
Refers to the existence of pairs that te
denial of one, implies the assertion of the other.
Examples : Male >< Female
Alive >< Dead
Present
>< Absent
Awake >< Asleep
§ Converseness
Refers to the pair of words that display
symmetry in their meaning. It relates to two-term sets of words.
If
X gives Y to Z, then Z receives Y from X
Examples : Buy >< Sell
Command >< Serve
Give >< Take
In the context of sentence, occasionally
the same verb can be supposed as a relational pair.
Ex : John married
Mary = Mary married John
In English,
morphologically, there is a number of ways to form antonyms (add the prefix)
§ Prefix un-
Examples : Likely >< Unlikely
Able >< Unable
§ Prefix non-
Examples : Entity >< Nonentity
Descript >< Nondescript
§ Prefix in-
Examples : Tolerant >< Intolerant
Visible >< Invisivle
§ Prefix mis-
Example : Understanding >< Misunderstanding
Comunicate >< Miscomunicate
§ Prefix dis-
Examples : Like >< Dislike
Agree >< Disagree
1. 2. Synonym
Is the state or
phenomenon in which the words that sound different ( different in
pronounciation) but has the same or identical meaning as another word or
phrase.
Examples :
Ø small = little
Ø big = large
Ø politican = statesman
2. 3. Hyponym
Is the state or
phenomenon that shows the relationship between more general term (lexical
representation) and the spesific instances (hyponym) of it.
Examples :
Lexical
representation
|
Hyponym
|
Color
|
Red
|
Musical
instruments
|
Guitar
|
Coffee
|
Black
coffee
|
The relationship
between the general term and spesific instances is often described using a
hierarchical diagram (taxonomy)
Examples :
Sources : https://www.slideshare.net/Andriyanieka12/13-semantics-synonym-antonym-homonym-hyponym-polyseme-idioms-18509523
https://www.academia.edu/21742207/A_comparison_of_hyponym_and_synonym_decisions
17 komentar:
If those points Just word by word, they are simply for me to understand them. you had better give us vast development of this article. For example, relationship among symonymy,antonymy and hyponymy in a compare sentence and how can we take exactly word in diction. Just to know more hihi..
what is differenciate between lexical representation and hyponym and when we use lexical representation in hyponym??
Your blog is good. Actually your explanation is good. But I think your pronunciation is not good enough. I found there many mistakes when you tried to pronounced it
what is differenciate between lexical representation and hyponym and when we use lexical representation in hyponym??
I ever heard about hypernymy. Would you mind to tell us about it and waht is the difference between hypernymy and hyponymy ?
Your explanation along the way of memories :v
Hi Indah.. nice presentation. I have question, is the synonym, antonym, and hyponym just in "word"? How about sentence?? please answer, thanks
hello rimbo,your explanation in blog is good but in the class is not good
Indaahhh... when you presentation voice your very ngebass like lion.
Thanks for your correction. Ill try better. I think you have good enough, would you like to teach me ?
I don't know it's praise or not, but what I was doing definitely on purpose. Thanks.
At least you get knowledge from me right? Or you can imagine it as a lullaby for u
Sure.
Antonym :
*she is an arrogant girl
*she is a humble girl
Synonym :
*you are very nice
*you are so nice
Hyponym :
Could you give me a *fruit please?
Could you give me an *apple please?
Well, that's all. I hope you get the points. Thanks for your participation siti (:
Can I laugh as you ? :v
However, thanks to have visited this simple blog.
How to say, have you read it all ? And you found lexical representation. It is hypernymy.
For instance fruit = hypernymy & apple = hypnymy. Thanks, don't ever bored to visit my blog. (:
As we know, hypnymy = general to specific. So, lexical representation = general & hyponym = specific.
When? It depends on you.
Examples :
X : could you give me your *collection bags?
Y : sure, which one?
X : *GUCCI
Well, I will edit it to be better, thanks.
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